20.08.2018

Bunkers Of The World

Today we are starting a new rubric: "Bunkers of the World"

And we want to talk about another declassified Soviet bunker:

"Stalin's Bunker" is the usual name of the defensive structure in Samara, created as a reserve location for the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR, IV Stalin. It is located at a depth of 37 m. It was built in 1942, declassified in 1990.

Location

The object is located under the building of the modern Academy of Culture and Art, which previously housed the Kuibyshev Regional Committee. To the right of the front staircase in the lobby of the regional committee of the party was an inconspicuous door, near which the NKVD officer was on duty around the clock. Just behind her was an iron gate, behind which was one of the main secrets of that time.

Behind the door is the top platform, from which the descent into the bunker begins both on the elevator and along the wall ladder. Further down leads a 14-meter shaft, connecting with a long transverse corridor-floor, where the life-support units and auxiliary mechanisms of the bunker are concentrated. If necessary, this upper floor is overlapped with massive steel hermoderns, capable of withstanding the load of up to 10 tons per square meter.

In the middle of the corridor leading to the emergency exit, there is an entrance to the main part of the bunker - a vertical barrel-refuge, which extends into the depth of the earth for another 23 meters. He is an exact replica of the underground tunnel, dug vertically. After the 192-th step begins the deepest - the first floor (counting the floors goes from the bottom up), the floor of which is laid out blue tiles.

Building

On October 15, 1941, the State Defense Committee issued secret resolution No. 801ss "On the evacuation of the capital of the USSR of Moscow to the city of Kuibyshev." The second paragraph of this document spoke directly about Stalin - his evacuation was planned in case of emergency, "depending on the situation."

On October 21, 1941, the State Defense Committee issued secret resolution No. 826ss "On the construction of a shelter in the city of Kuibyshev."

On November 22, 1941, the State Defense Committee issues secret decree No. 945ss "On the construction of special shelters in the cities: Saratov, Yaroslavl, Gorky, Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Kuibyshev and Stalingrad." The resolution stated: "The GKO decides to build command posts in the listed cities, bomb shelters. Construction in addition to Kuibyshev to produce the type adopted for the city of Gorky, with a useful area of 300 square meters. meters ... ».

For the construction of the bunker, the construction of the metro station "Airport" in Moscow was copied.

The bunker in Kuibyshev was built from February to October 1942 by Moscow and Kharkov metro-builders, as well as Donbas miners.

The construction involved 2,900 workers and about 800 engineers and technicians. Of all the builders of the bunker, only the chief engineer of the project Yu. S. Ostrovsky, the chief architect M. A. Zelenin and the head of geomark surveyors I. I. Drobinin are now known. From all was taken a subscription on the non-disclosure of state secrets, which does not have a statute of limitations. Therefore, even the nearby residents of the city did not know what was happening behind the high fence of the construction site. The ground was removed by cars at night. The builders practically did not leave the building, they ate in the canteen built here, but spent the night in the hostel in the courtyard of the regional committee or directly in the underground premises. Works were conducted round the clock, in two shifts. Less than a year, 25 thousand cubic meters of soil were laid, 5 thousand cubic meters of concrete were laid.

On January 6, 1943, the state commission officially accepted the bunker of Stalin.